ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Editorial
Editorial
Ali RazmkonResearch Office for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Correspondence: Ali RazmkonNeurosurgeon, Assistant Editor of the journal of Research on History of Medicine.ali.razmkon@gmail.com
https://rhm.sums.ac.ir/article_42852_e719d9ba44d01f21163c5793756da5de.pdf
2012-05-01
23
24
Editorial
Research
History
Medicine
Ali
Razmkon
ali.razmkon@gmail.com
1
Research Ofce for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ale Gheis G. History of Medicine in Islamic Iran. Res Hist Med 2012; 1(2): 51-64. [in Arabic]
1
Karaia I. Archaeological and Other Medical Materials from Georgian Museums. Res Hist Med 2012; 1(2): 25-36.
2
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Archaeological and Other Medical Materials from Georgian Museums
Archaeological excavations have revealed diverse medical materials of the Bronze, Neolithic, Hellenistic Ages, the Roman Empire and late ancient culture period in the territory of Georgia. These materials are rich repositories of national, spiritual and material culture kept in different museums of Georgia. To show the origin and development of medicine in Georgia, it is, primarily, crucial to investigate the history of old Georgian medicine. One way to accomplish this is through nding some evidence, such as the implements found in this region. They can testify the existence and prevalence of medicine in this region. For instance, in this region, some surgical tools and dishes for preparing or keeping drugs are found which belong to mid-second millennium B.C.; or various archaeological materials/ tools, such as blood and cosmetic tools, bone instruments, such as trephine, or even some instruments for personal hygiene, and dishes with different functions are also found in this area. The other interesting point is that in Georgia, mineral waters were used for surgical purposes, conrming relics of old bath discovered in old settlements of Dzalisa and Armazi etc. (II c. BC-VIII c. AD). In Georgia, drugstores and hospitals have long been in use. Ancient Medical textbooks (11th-12th cc.) also conrm that theoretical and practical medicine in Georgia has been amongst the pioneering practices of the time. Various deceases and surgeries, as well as certain physiological, biological, pharmacological and hygienic concepts, are widely explained in these book. There are numerous materials of medical heritage housed in different museums of Georgia which have to be analyzed and worked on systematically. They will greatly contribute to the history of Georgian as well as modern medicine.
https://rhm.sums.ac.ir/article_42853_4335d8bf22af2fab122ef121e0e8af61.pdf
2012-05-01
25
36
Georgian Medicine
Medicine
Archaeology
Manuscript
Inga
Karaia
karaia@rhm.ir
1
ICOM National Committee in Georgia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Apollonius of Rhodes. Argonautica. Tbilisi: “Metsniereba”. 1975. [in Georgian]
1
Burduli M. The ancient Georgian medicine by archaeological materials. Tbilisi: Akhaltsikhe Branch of Tbilisi State University, collected works II. 2000. [in Georgian]
2
Japaridze N. Bronze epoch of Goldmithery in Georgia. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1981 [in Georgian]
3
Karaia I. -Museion-Museum (For definition of the term “Museum“), magazine Spektri #1, Tbilisi: GMA (Georgian Museum Association). 2008. [in Georgian]
4
Kuptin B. Archaeological excavations in Trialeti, book I. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1941. [in Russian]
5
Lordkipanidze O. Argonautic and Ancient Kolkhis. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1986. [in Georgian]
6
Pirpilashvili P. [Some issues from the history of Georgian folk Medicine]. Bulletin of Georgian Science Academy. 1959; 23: 377-394 (N3). [In Georgian]
7
Shengelia M. History of Georgian Medicine. Tbilisi: Ganatleba. 1980 (in: GM. Medicine and Tradition of Georgia Royal Court, collected works: Scientific and Cultural Legacy of the Bagrations. Tbilisi: Ganatleba. 2003 p. 39 [in Georgian]
8
Shengelia R. From Medea to Mithridate. Magazine Tanamedrove medicina, 2008; 2: 2; available at: http://www.modernpublishing.ge [in Georgian]
9
Surguladze I. Symbolic of Georgian ornaments. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1993 [in Georgian]
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Azodi Hospital and University in Shiraz (10th – 14th Century AD)
Hospitals have a long history throughout the history of medicine. First hospitals are originated from Persia in ancient times in the Sassanid Dynasty (2nd to 6th century AD). After the advent of Islam in Persia (Iran) in 637 AD, medical knowledge and also hospitals were ourished and advanced by Persian scholars. Shiraz Azodi hospital and University was one of the important hospitals in Persia. This hospital was built under the order of Azod od-Dowleh Panah (Fana) Khusraw in 971-973 AD in Shiraz. It had a great library, belonging to the university. A number of important physicians of the time Such as Haly Abbas were in practice at this hospital. The last report about this hospital dates back to 14th century. Azodi hospital and University were valuable scientic centers in Shiraz. The status of this medical center shows the close connection between medical education and therapy.
https://rhm.sums.ac.ir/article_42856_926a1e4348429305238f89bedc556442.pdf
2012-05-01
37
40
Azodi Hospital
Shiraz
History of medicine
Persia
Seyedeh Aida
Ahmadi
ahmadisai@sums.ac.ir
1
Research Ofce for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Arman
Zargaran
mehdizade@sums.ac.ir
2
Research Ofce for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abu Abdollah Mohammad ibn Ahmad Moghaddasi. [Ahsan al Taghasim fi Marefat al Aghalim]. Translated by Monzavi A. Tehran: Moalefan va Motarjeman, 1982. [in Persian]
1
Aciduman A, Arda B, Kahya E, Belen D. The Royal Book by Haly Abbas from the 10th century: one of the earliest illustrations of the surgical approach to skull fractures. Neurosurgery 2010; 67(6): 1466-74.
2
Ahmadzadeh A, Ahmadzadeh A. Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi Ahvazi Arjani. Medical Scientific Journal 2012; 10(2): 121-9. [in Persian]
3
Christensen AE. [L’ Iran sous les Sassanides]. Translated by Yasemi R. Tehran: Negah, 2005. [in Persian]
4
Elgood CL. A medical history of Persia and the eastern caliphate. Translated by Forghani B. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 2007. [in Persian]
5
Golshani SA. Abu Maher Shirazi: The Founder of Shiraz Medical Doctrine. Res Hist Med 2012; 1(1): 17-19. [in Persian]
6
Ibn Balkhi, [Farsnameh]. Corrected by Behrouzi AN. Shiraz: Etehadieh Matbuati Fars, 1964. [in Persian]
7
Mahallati Shirazi S. Dar al Elm Shiraz. Shiraz: Marefat, 1962. [in Persian]
8
Modanlou HD. Historical evidence for the origin of teaching hospital, medical school and the rise of academic medicine. Journal of Perinatology 2011;31:236–39.
9
Shahab al Din abi al Kheir Zarkoub Shirazi. [Shiraznameh]. Corrected by Vaez Javadi E. Tehran: Boniad Farhang Iran, 1961. [in Persian]
10
Tajbakhsh H. The history of the Iranian hospitals. Tehran: Pazhouheshgah Oloum Ensani va Motaleat Farhangi, 2000. [in Persian]
11
Zargaran A, Daneshamuz S, Mohagheghzadeh A. Medical Education in Ancient Persia. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2011; 11 (2) :103-110. [in Persian]
12
Zargaran A, Mehdizadeh A, Zarshenas MM, Mohagheghzadeh A. Avicenna (980-1037 AD). J Neurol 2012; 259(2): 389-90.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Impact of Literal Images in Traditional Medical Texts
This is obvious that man’s advancement in tropical experimental sciences is indebted to the pure imagination of the authors and researchers. The present study aims to reveal that medicine as one of the most experimental sciences is undeniably associated with literal images and imaginative implications at least in traditional medicine. This occurs due to the fact that in the ancient times, physicians, philosophers and poets were not clearly distinguished and in many cases all the three were applied in one individual. Thus, it is entirely probable that those three elds are integrated consciously or otherwise. There is an attempt in this study to compare common literal images related to some known animals usually used in authentic traditional medicine texts and show the relationship between therapeutic properties of these animals and common literal images.
https://rhm.sums.ac.ir/article_42857_fdff2b5132678d7a2a2059396600ca8c.pdf
2012-05-01
41
46
Traditional medicine
Traditional pharmacy
Literal images
Animals
Imagination
Manizheh
Abdollahi
manijeh.abdolahi@gmail.com
1
Department of Persian Literature & Language, Paramedical College, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdolahi M. Animals encyclopedia in Persian literature. Tehran: Pazhouhandeh, 2010. [in Persian]
1
Akhaweini ARAB. [Hedayat al Motealemin fi al Teb]. Corrected by Matini J. Mashhad: Mashhad University publication, 1965. [in Persian]
2
Aldamiri. [Hayat al Haivan al Kobra]. Beirut: Maktabat al Baian, n.d. [in Arabic]
3
Asa’d Gorgani F. [Veis va Ramin]. Corrected by Minavi M. Tehran: Brukhim, 1959. [in Persian]
4
Asadi Toosi A. [Garshasb Name]. Corrected by Yaghmaie H. Tehran: Peike Iran, 1975. [in Persian]
5
Attar Neishabouri F. [Mantegh al Teir]. Corrected by Shafiei Kadkani. Tehran: Sokhan publication, 2005. [in Persian]
6
Edarechi Gilani A. Contemporary poets of Rudaki. Tehran: Dr Mahmud Afshar foundation, 1991. [in Persian]
7
Heravi MAA. [Al Abnieh an Haghaiegh al Advieh]. Corrected by Bahmanyar A. Tehran: Tehran University publication, 1985. [in Persian]
8
Jahez. [Al Haivan]. Corrected by Haroun AM. Egypt (city?): Matbae Mostafa al Babi al Habali, n.d. [in Arabic]
9
Madani A. [Tabibanehaie Hafez]. Shiraz: Shiraz University of Medical Sciences press, 2000. [in Persian]
10
Manouchehri Damghani. [Divan e Manouchehri]. Corrected by Dei Siaghi M. Tehran: Zavar, 1991. [in Persian]
11
Naser Khosrow A. [Divan e Naser Khosrow]. Corrected by Minavi M, Mohaghegh M. Tehran: Tehran University publication, 1974. [in Persian]
12
Pourdavoud I. Ancient Persian culture. Tehran: Tehran University publication, 1976. [in Persian]
13
Saadi, M. [Kolyate Sadi]. Corrected by Foroughi M. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1983. [in Persian]
14
Shahmardan IA. [Nezhat Nameh Alaei]. Tehran: Zavar, 1983. [in Persian]
15
Tabib Isfahani MH. [Divan e Mirza Habib Isfahani]. Tehran: Sanaei publication, 1997. [in Persian]
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mirza Mohammad Hashem Alavi Khan Shirazi: The Messenger of Shiraz Medical Doctrine in India
Throughout the history, there have been deep cultural as well as scientic connections between Iran and India. In Medieval period, many Persian physicians immigrated to India mainly because of political and social reasons. A good example of this was Mirza Mohammad Hashem Alavi Khan Shirazi who belonged to Shiraz medical doctrine. He was born in Shiraz, but immigrated to India and was in the court of many Indian Kings. After the invasion of India by King Nader, Alavi Khan Shirazi, along with the king, returned to Iran and was appointed as the King’s private physician. Later, he went back to India and nally died in this country.
https://rhm.sums.ac.ir/article_42855_3dde8ecfacd47b314b48e45cf6e86989.pdf
2012-05-01
47
50
Mirza Hashem Alavi Khan Shirazi
India
Persia
History of medicine
Seyyed Alireza
Golshani
golshani@rhm.ir
1
Research Ofce for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aghili Khorasani Shirazi MH. [Kholasat al Hekmeh]. Corrected by Nazem I. Qom: Ismaeilian Institute, 2006.
1
Astarabadi MM. [Jahangoshaie Naderi]. Corrected by Anvar SA. Tehran: Anjoman Asar va Mafakher Farhangi publication, 1998. [in Persian]
2
Dehkhoda AK. Dehkhoda dictionary. Vol. 4. Tehran: Tehran University Publication, 1955.
3
Elgood CL. A medical history of Persia and the eastern caliphate. Translated by Forghani B. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 2007. [in Persian]
4
Elgood CL. Medicine in Safavid period. Translated by Javidan M. Tehran: Tehran University Publication, 1978. [in Persian]
5
Golshani SA. [Golshan Shiraz]. Shiraz: Farhang Pars, 2010.
6
Golshani SA. Abu Maher Shirazi: The Founder of Shiraz Medical Doctrine. Res Hist Med 2012; 1(1): 17-9. [in Persian]
7
Jandpouri SKA. Medical history of Mongolian dynasty in India. Translated by Shahidi SJ. Tehran: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2011. [in Persian]
8
Keshmiri AK. [Tazkarat Baian Vaghe]. Lahore: Nasim, 1970.
9
Minorsky VF. Iran in King Nader period. Translated by Yasemi R. Tehran: Doniaie Ketab, 2004.
10
Mir MT. Pars famous nobles. Shiraz: Shiraz University Press. 1984. [in Persian]
11
Mir MT. Pars famous physicians. Shiraz: Shiraz University Press.1989. [in Persian]
12
Roknzadeh Admit MH. Scientists and lecturers of Fars. Vol. 3. Tehran: Ketabforoushihaie Eslamieh va Khaiam, 1959.
13
Sami A. Shiraz:Iimmortal city. Shiraz: Navid, 1987.
14
Tajbakhsh H. History of Medicine and Veterinary of Iran. Vol.2. Tehran: Tehran University Publication, 1993. [in Persian]
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
History of Medicine in Islamic Iran
Historically, there is a consensus that Islamic medicine followed the Persian, Greek and Egyptian medicine and that a large number of Muslim scholars were non-Arabs. It is also known that most famous Islamic physicians who took their knowledge to Arabic countries received their education in the famous and credible university of Gondishapour in Iran. Therefore, In order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of Islamic medicine, one must study both Iranian and Islamic medical sciences at the same time. The history of medical science and its development in Islamic Iran coincided with the collapse of Umayyad dynasty and the domination of Bani-Abbas. This article carries out a detailed review of physicians’, written and translated manuscripts of this period to date. It also covers the history of hospitals and pharmacies of the Islamic period.
https://rhm.sums.ac.ir/article_42854_8c5c0c189b0a7c3608f21d4dd80a373f.pdf
2012-05-01
51
64
Islam
Iran
History of medicine
Iranian medicine
Islamic medicine
Qais
Ale Qais
qais@rhm.ir
1
Professor of Arabic literature, Department of Human Sciences and Cultural Studies
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abū Dāwūd, Sulaymān ibn Hassān Ibn Juljul. [Tabaqāt al-atibbā’ w’al-hukamā]. Cairo: Dar el-Kotob val Vasayegh el-ghoumiyah, 1955. [in Arabic]
1
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Farisi al Istakhri. [al-Masālik wa’l-Mamālik]. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1989.
2
Al Hamavi Y. [Mojam ol Baldan]. Vol 3. Beirut: Dar al Sader, 1993. [in Arabic]
3
Al Zerkali K. [Al Alam, Ghamous Tarajem l Ashhar al Rejal va al Nesae men al Arab va al Mosta’rebin va Mostashreghin].Vol 2,5,7. Beirut, 1980. [in Arabic]
4
Ghefti AY. [Tarikh al Hokama]. n.p.: Maktabat al Tani, n.d. [in Arabic]
5
Haji Khalifeh MA. [Kashf al Zonoun an Asami al Kotob va al Fonun]. Vol 1. Beirut: Dar al Sader, n.d. [in Arabic]
6
Ibn abi Osaiebe. [Oiun al Anbae fi Tabaghat al Atebba’]. Cairo: Al Vahabieh, 1882. [in Arabic]
7
Ibn al Jouzi A. [Safvat al Safvat]. Corrected by Al Fakhouri M. Beirut: Dar al Marefat, n.d. [in Arabic]
8
Ibn Asir ANAMS. [Al Kamel fi al Tarikh]. Vol 7. Corrected by Shiri A. Beirut: Dar Ehia al Terath al Arabi, 1989. [in Arabic]
9
Ibn Jobeir. [Rehlat Ibn Jobeir]. Beirut: Dar al Sader, n.d. [in Arabic]
10
Ibn Khalkan AAS. [Vafiat al Aian va Anbae Abnae al Zaman]. Corrected by Abbas E. Beirut: Dar al Sader, 1968. [in Arabic]
11
Ibn Nadim MI. [Al Fehrest]. n.p: Matba’at al esteghamat, n.d. [in Arabic]
12
Ibn Sa’d MS. [Al Tabaghat al Kobra]. Vol 3. Beirut: Dar al Fekr, 1994. [in Arabic]
13
Isa Bak A. History of hospitals in Islam. n.p.: Dar al Raed al Arabi, 1981. [in Arabic]
14
Islamic encyclopedia. Tehran: Islamic encyclopedia center. [in Persian]
15
Kahalat OR. [Moejam al Moalefin]. n.p.: Moassesat ol Resalat, 1993. [in Arabic]
16
Khanbaba Moshar. [Fehrest Ketabhaie Chapi Arabi]. Tehran, 1965. [in Persian]
17
Najm Abadi M. History of medicine in Iran after Islam. Tehran: Tehran university publication, 1987. [in Persian]
18
Zeidan J. [Tarikh Adab al Loghate al Arabie]. Vol 2. Beirut: Dar al Fekr, 1996. [in Arabic]
19