A Historiographical Analysis of Al-Tibb al-Nabawī (Prophetic Medicine) Texts Based on the Goals of Their Compilation in the 5th to 8th Centuries AH

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor of Department of History, Ferdowsi Univercity of Mashhad (FUM); Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Simultaneously with the compilation of the first hadith collections and the significant expansion of the production of works in various sciences in the 3rd century AH, the hadith collection of Al-Tibb al-Nabawī (Prophetic Medicine (PM)) was also compiled. The writing of this type of work continued in the following centuries. The current research aims to study and compare the historiography of these texts from the perspective of the purpose and motivation of their production, which lies in the content of the forewords and introductory chapters of those books. This study was conducted based on the thematic content analysis method in the oldest surviving and printed books in the field of PM from the 5th to 8th centuries AH.
The results show that all the authors, except Ibn Qayyim, intended to make the mentality of their religious audience positive about the need to use the science of Medicine (both Greek and PM), presenting it as a religious matter. Damascene writers also had other motivations that were different from each other. Al-Maqdisi linked patience to illness, instead of suffering, with the elevation of one’s spiritual status. Davoud Mutatabib, however, introduced PM combined with Greek Medicine to approach God. In refuting his opinion, Ibn Qayyim emphasized that cognition and practicing PM is much more helpful than human and Greek medicine.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdul Baqi, I., 1961. Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya Wisandah. Al-Azhar, 207, pp. 448-457.
  2. Abu Noqta, Y. M., 2013. Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya Mosque and Madrasah in the city of “Izra” in southern Syria. Al-Wai al-Islami, Sunnah al-Khamisun, 580(Oct), pp. 84-87.
  3. Abu Nu’aym Al-Asfahānī, A. ibn A., 2006. Al-Tibb al-Nabawī. Corrected by M. Kh. al-Turki. n.p.: Dar Ibn Hazm.
  4. Aghajari, S.H., Sediqqi, B. and Karimi, B., 2012. Muslim Religious Medicine in the Middle Ages. Cultural History Studies, 3(10), pp. 1-28.
  5. Ahmadvand, F., 2009. “Damanhor”. Vol. 18. Encyclopedia of the World of Islam. Tehran: Encyclopedia of the World of Islam press.
  6. Alavi Moqadam, S.M., 1996. A discussion about the Isfahan news book. Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences (Isfahan University),7(spring), pp. 32-41.
  7. Al-Dhahabi, M.I.A.I.U., 1988. Al-Mu’jam al-Mukhtas Bi-Almuhaddithin. Corrected by M. H. Al-Hilah. Al-Taif: Maktabat Al-Siddiq.
  8. Al-Dhahabi, M.I.A.I.U., 1990. Al-Tibb al-Nabawī. Corrected by A. R. al-Badrawi. Beirut: Dar Ahiya al-Uloom.
  9. Al-Douri, A.A., n.d. Nashat Elm al-Tarikh ind al-Arab. Beirut: Al-Matbaat Al-Katulukiya.
  10. Alimohammadi, Z., 2009. Shams ad-Dīn Muḥammad Al-Dhahabi. The book of the month of history and geography, 138(November), pp. 88-94.
  11. Al-Mahaseni, Z., 1967. Ibn Qayyim al-Juziya; Telmiz ibn Taymiyah Va Muridah. Qafalah al-Zayt - Aramco Company, 15(8), pp. 23-24.
  12. Al-Ziriklī, Kh., 1989. Al-Aʻlām: Qāmūs Tarājim. Vols. 1, 2 and 6. Beirut: Dar al-Elm lelmalaein.
  13. Ansari, H., 2020. “Abun Naim Isfahani”. Vol. 6. Great Islamic Encyclopedia. Tehran: Islamic Encyclopedia press. Available at: https://www.cgie.org.ir [Accessed 1 November 2022]
  14. Ayene Vand, S., 2008. The science of history in the scope of Islamic civilization. Tehran: Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies.
  15. Baazm, M., et al., 2019. The foundations of the application of medical narrations. Tehran: Jihad University of Tehran.
  16. Bardin, L., 1995. L’analyse de contenu. Translated by M. Yemeni Duzi Sorkhabi & M. Ashtiani. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University.
  17. Ḍiyāʼ Al-Maqdisi, M.I.A.W., 1994. Kitab al-Amraz Va al-Kafarat Va al-Tibb Va al-Roqiyat or Al-Tibb al-Nabawī. Cairo: Dar Ibn Affan.
  18. Elgood, C., 2013. Tibb al-Nabi. Translated by S.M. Hosseini Esfidvajani. Information of Hikmat and Maraft, 8(5), pp. 58-63.
  19. Ḥājjī Khalīfa, M.I.A., 1997. Kashf aẓ-Ẓunūn ‘an ‘asāmī ‘l-Kutub wa’l-funūn. Vol. 2. Corrected by M. Sh. Yaltqaya and R. B. Alkalisi. Beirut: Dar Ihia al-Tarath al-Arabi.
  20. Hosseini Karnami, S.H., 2013. Validation of the content and documents of the medical hadiths of the book Prophetic Medicine (PBUH) Mostaqferi. Islam and Health, 1(4), pp. 27-40.
  21. Ibn al-Mibrad, Y.I.H., 2000. Al-Jawhar al-Manzad fi tabaqat mutaakhari. Corrected by A. Ahmad and A. ibn S. al-Usimain. Riyadh: Maktabat Al-Ubikan.
  22. Ibn Athīr, A.I.I.A., 1989. Al-Usd al-ghābah fi ma‘rifat al-ṣaḥābah. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
  23. Ibn Qayyim, M.I.A., and Al-Jawziyya, 1986. Al-Tibb al-Nabawī. Corrected by A. al-Jamili. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
  24. Ibn Qayyim, M.I.A., and Al-Jawziyya, 1998. Zad al-Ma’ad fi Hoda Khair al-Ibad. 3rd Corrected by Sh. Al-Arnowut and Abdul Qadir. Beirut: Risala Institute.
  25. Idris Ibn Khoya and Baramati, F., 2014. Al-Allamah Ibn Qayyim Al-Al-Jawziyya: Life and Effects. Al-Tarib, 46(June), pp. 223-236.
  26. Khairi, Y. et al., 2018. Analytical-descriptive review of Shams al-Din Al-Dhahabi ‘s book of Prophetic Medicine. Islamic Human Sciences, 14(4), pp. 124-138.
  27. Le Strange, G., 2014. The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Translated by M. Irfan. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company.
  28. Leclaire, L., n.d. The history of Arabic medicine. Translated (the first chapter) by KH. Khalid Koderi. Hekmah magazine [e-journal]. Available at: https://hekmah.org [Accessed 15 November 2022]
  29. Lewis, B., 2007. Middle East. Translated by H. Kamshad. Tehran: Nei publication.
  30. Mahmoudi, A., 2013. Analytical examination of the validity and status of the book of the Prophet ‘s medicine (PBUH). Hadith Hozah, 7, pp. 111-142.
  31. Mile Heravi, N., 2006. “Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya”. Vol. 4. Great Islamic Encyclopedia. Tehran: Great Islamic Encyclopedia press. Available at: https://www.cgie.org.ir [Accessed 15 November 2022]
  32. Mir Hosseini, Y., 2017. Essays on Validation and Understanding of Medical Narratives. Tehran: Traditional Medicine of Iran.
  33. Mohammadi Mehr, Gh., 2010. Content analysis method. 2nd ed. Tehran: Daneshnegar.
  34. Mohammadi, A., 2004. Bibliography of Islamic Medicine. Pazhohesh and Hozah, 17&18(Spring and Summer), pp. 193-217.
  35. Mostaqferi, J.I.M., 1965. Prophetic Medicine (Al-Tibb al-Nabawī) (PBUH). Corrected by A. A. Elahi Khorasani. Najaf: Maktab Al-Haydri.
  36. Mostaqferi, J.I.M., 2002. The method of health in Islam, translation of Tibb al-Nabi Va Tibb al-Sadiq. Translated by Y. Maraqi. Qom: Mominin.
  37. Noor Mohammadi, Gh., 2004. Writing medical hadiths. Pazhohesh and Hozah, 17&18 (Spring and Summer), pp. 110-125.
  38. Quinn, Sholah, 2008. History Writing in the Age of Shah Abbas Safavi. Translated by M. Sefat Gol. Tehran: University of Tehran.
  39. Quivy, R. and Kampenhood, L.V., 1994. Manuel de recherche en sciences sociales. A.H. Nik Gohar. Tehran: Farhang Moaser.
  40. Rafiei Mehrabadi, A., 1974. Hafiz Abu Nu’aym Al-Asfahānī. Art and People, 139 (May), pp. 32-42.
  41. Robinson, Ch.F., 2010. Islamic Historiography. Translated by M. Sobhani. Tehran: Hozah and University Research Institute.
  42. Sassani, F., 2010. Meaning Analysis: Towards Social Semiology. Tehran: Elm.
  43. Tamadon, H., 2020. Considerations about book attribution “Al-Tibb al-Nabawī” to Al-Dhahabi. Ayane Pazhuhish, 3(3), pp. 291-293.
  44. Zaryab Khoei, A., 1991. Sira Rasoolullah. Tehran: Soroush.
Journal of Research on History of Medicine
Volume 12, Issue 1
February 2023
Pages 13-26

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics