1
Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Scientific Student Association of History of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Veterinary, Student Scientific Researcher Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Surgery, as a fundamental branch of medicine, has evolved over centuries across different civilizations. In the Islamic world, pioneers such as Zahrawi, Avicenna, and other scholars advanced surgical practice both theoretically and practically. With the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century, this heritage was transferred to Anatolia and Istanbul, adapting to unique socio-political, military, and cultural circumstances. Early Ottoman surgery relied on Islamic texts and Persian translations, with notable figures including Sherefeddin Sabuncuoğlu (1385–1468), Surgeon Ibrahim (active around 1505), and Ali Mensi (d. 1733) contributing to both practical techniques and theoretical knowledge. Iranian physicians such as Hakim Mohammad Sabzevari and Ghyath al-Din Sabzevari also played key roles in transmitting surgical knowledge. By the 19th century, the Tanzimat reforms and the establishment of Istanbul Medical School Integrated European methods, marking the emergence of modern surgery in the Ottoman Empire.
Aciduman, A., and Er, U., 2008. Surgeon Mesud And Chapters Related to Neurosurgery in His Work “Summary Of Medicine”. Türk Nöroşirürji Derg, 18, pp. 26-33.
Er, U., and Pamir, M.N., 2013. Ottoman Surgical Treatises And Their Influences On Modern Neurosurgery In Turkey. World Neurosurgery, 80, E165-E169.
Öztürk, H., et al., 2015. From the medicine in Ottoman Madrasahs to Faculty of Medicine. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi, 7(3), pp.174–185.
Shefer-Mossensohn, M., 2010. Ottoman Medicine: Healing and Medical Institutions, 1500–1700. New York: State University of New York Press.
Yegane, M.S., Golshani, S.A., Emadi, F., Zargaran, A., and Namdar, H., 2017. Hakim Muhammad Sabzevari And Ghiaseddin Sabzevari, Two Iranian Physicians In The Court Of Ottoman Sultans. JRHM, 6(1), pp. 53-60.
The 2nd History of Medicine Meeting: Entangled Histories: Contribution of Iran and Türkiye to the Development of Medical Sciences; 2025 Oct 7-10; Shiraz, Iran
Tajik, N. & Zargaran, A. (2025). Evolution of Surgery in the Ottoman Empire: From Islamic Heritage to Modern Practice. Journal of Research on History of Medicine, 14(Suppl. 1), 57–60. https://doi.org/10.30476/rhm.2025.108956.1377
MLA
Tajik, N., & Zargaran, A. "Evolution of Surgery in the Ottoman Empire: From Islamic Heritage to Modern Practice", Journal of Research on History of Medicine, 14, Suppl. 1, 2025, 57–60. doi: 10.30476/rhm.2025.108956.1377
HARVARD
Tajik, N., & Zargaran, A. (2025). 'Evolution of Surgery in the Ottoman Empire: From Islamic Heritage to Modern Practice', Journal of Research on History of Medicine, 14(Suppl. 1), pp. 57–60. doi: 10.30476/rhm.2025.108956.1377
CHICAGO
Tajik, N. & Zargaran, A., "Evolution of Surgery in the Ottoman Empire: From Islamic Heritage to Modern Practice." Journal of Research on History of Medicine, 14 Suppl. 1 (2025): 57–60, doi: 10.30476/rhm.2025.108956.1377
VANCOUVER
Tajik N., Zargaran A. Evolution of Surgery in the Ottoman Empire: From Islamic Heritage to Modern Practice. RHM. 2025;14(Suppl. 1):57–60. doi: 10.30476/rhm.2025.108956.1377
